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Atomization is the part of atomic absorption spectrophotometry that turns the liquid sample into free gaseous atoms so they can absorb light. The graphite furnace acts as the actual atomizer, providing the high-temperature environment that desolvates, vaporizes, and atomizes the analyte. The nebulizer feeds the sample into the atomizer as a fine aerosol, so together they form the atomization system: the nebulizer delivers the sample, and the graphite furnace performs the atomization. The other components handle light management and detection (monochromator selects the wavelength, chopper modulates the signal, and the detector measures it), not the creation of free atoms.